SEI — Social Entrepreneurship Index
Countries/EU-27

Estonia

EU-27 · statistics to 2024–25 · policy framework at end-2025 · policy coded from public documents

55.5composite, 0–100
27 / 45rank · 24 of 27 in EU-27
+0.1change since 2015, time-varying indicators
Economic69.2Legal34.1Financial32.2Institutional69.1Political72.7
EstoniaEU-27 average

Dimensions

DimensionScoreRank /45EU-27All 45Indicators
Political72.71370.059.57 / 8
Economic69.2963.458.313 / 20
Legal34.14066.058.37 / 12
Institutional69.11461.859.49 / 16
Financial32.24062.352.43 / 7
Composite55.52764.757.639 / 63

Indicators = scored now / in the full SEI matrix. Ties share a rank.

Composite, 2015–2024

5060702015201820212024
EstoniaEU-27 average

Same goalposts every year. Legal and financial scores are held at their single readings, so change comes from governance, social and labour statistics, firm demography and early-stage entrepreneurship.

Social-enterprise policy and legal framework, end-2025

SE strategy / action plan 1.2.1
S1100S267S367S4100S567
Criteria and evidence
  • S1 · Status: 100 (adopted and in force on 31 Dec 2025)
    No dedicated SE strategy, but S2 = 67 rests on the Sidusa Eesti arengukava 2021-2030 and its implementing programme 'Kogukondlik Eesti 2022-2025', both in force on 31 Dec 2025 (the successor programme 2026-2029 was prepared in 2025): 'adopted and in force on 31 Dec 2025'. · source 1
  • S2 · Dedication: 67 (SE chapter or pillar with measures in an adopted broader strategy, or dedicated regional strategies only)
    The programme 'Kogukondlik Eesti 2022-2025' (implementing the Sidusa Eesti development plan 2021-2030) has expected outcome 1.3 'Võimekad vabaühendused ja sotsiaalsed ettevõtted' with SE activities: clarifying the SE concept and legal barriers, SE development programmes for young people, financial instruments for social enterprises, awareness of their impact: 'SE chapter or pillar with measures in an adopted broader national strategy'. · source 1
  • S3 · Operational content: 67 (measures with named responsible bodies)
    The SE activities name responsible bodies (Siseministeerium; with Justiitsministeerium for the concept; with Majandus- ja Kommunikatsiooniministeerium for financial instruments); the SE indicator (social-enterprise turnover, baseline EUR 45.6m in 2018) has its target marked 'täpsustub' and there is no SE budget, only programme totals: 'measures with named responsible bodies'. · source 1
  • S4 · Monitoring: 100 (progress or evaluation report published in 2021–2025)
    The development plan is reported on annually (the 2026-2029 programme cites the 'Sidus ühiskond 2023. aasta tulemusaruanne'), and the Ministry of the Interior reported 2024 progress of 'Kogukondlik Eesti' to the EKAK government commission on 6 May 2025: 'progress or evaluation report published in the period'. The 2023 report itself was not opened, hence medium. · source 1
  • S5 · Participation of SE organisations: 67 (SE organisations named as members of the drafting group or of the monitoring body)
    The Sotsiaalsete Ettevõtete Võrgustik is named as a member of the steering group (juhtrühm) that advised on drafting the programme; it is not a member of the EKAK government commission that reviews it (6 May 2025 attendance list): 'SE organisations named as members of the drafting group'. · source 1
80.0
Institutional structure & dialogue 1.2.2
I167I2100I30I40
Criteria and evidence
  • I1 · Lead responsibility: 67 (a ministry named responsible in a law, decree, adopted strategy or its statutory functions, within a broader unit)
    The Ministry of the Interior is 'peavastutaja' of the programme carrying the SE outcome, coordinated by its deputy secretary general for population and civil society, and remains lead for 'Kogukondlik Eesti 2026-2029'; no dedicated SE unit: 'a ministry named as responsible in ... an adopted strategy ..., within a broader unit'. · source 1
  • I2 · Breadth of mandate: 100 (the social economy / SE broadly)
    The ministry's remit covers civil-society organisations and social enterprises, defined broadly as 'ühiskondliku eesmärgiga organisatsioonid, mis kasutavad oma sihi saavutamiseks ettevõtlust' (93% are NGOs): 'the social economy / SE broadly'. · source 1
  • I3 · Consultative body with SE organisations: 0 (none, or only in a draft)
    The standing joint body is the EKAK government commission (met 6 May 2025, chaired by the Interior Minister), whose civil-society members (Vabaühenduste Liit, Praxis, Kodukant and others) do not include the SE network, and no SE agenda item was recorded; no SE-specific consultative body exists: 'none'. · source 1
  • I4 · Inter-ministerial coordination: 0 (none)
    The EKAK government commission and the Sidusa Eesti steering committee coordinate civil-society and cohesion policy across ministries, but neither had SE on its agenda in the records read, and no SE-specific coordination mechanism was found: 'none'. Counting the EKAK commission (met 2025) as coordination on SE would give 100. · source 1
41.7
Social clauses in public procurement 2.3.2
P1100P267P3100P467
Criteria and evidence
  • P1 · Legal basis: 100 (reservation or preference explicitly for SE/SSE entities (e.g. Directive 2014/24 Art. 77 transposed, a national SSE quota))
    Public Procurement Act (RHS) § 127 lets contracts for social and special services be reserved for providers with a public-service aim whose 'Kasum reinvesteeritakse ... või jaotatakse töötajate osalemisega seotud kaalutlustel' and whose management or ownership rests on employee participation (term up to 3 years) - the Art. 77 transposition; § 13 adds Art. 20 reservations (30% threshold): 'reservation or preference explicitly for SE/SSE entities'. · source 1
  • P2 · National policy push: 67 (national socially responsible procurement guidance or plan)
    The Ministry of Finance promotes socially responsible procurement through its 'Sotsiaalselt vastutustundlik' guidance page, a guide on qualitative award criteria (2024) and 71 good-practice cases, citing the Heaolu arengukava 2023-2030 as basis; no numeric target: 'national socially responsible procurement guidance or plan'. · source 1
  • P3 · Evidence of use: 100 (national figures for two or more years)
    Ministry of Finance training material gives national register (eRHR) counts of procurements using social criteria by year: 17 (2017), 29 (2018), 7 (2019), 6 (2020), 12 (2021), 11 (2022), 72 (2023): 'national figures published for two or more years'. · source 1
  • P4 · Capacity support: 67 (a government training programme or helpdesk documented to cover social clauses or reserved contracts, for contracting authorities or for SEs)
    The Ministry of Finance ran training on socially responsible procurement (4 Jun 2024) and a social-procurement workshop for contracting authorities (9 May 2025) covering reserved contracts for work-integration social enterprises and social services, with a contact address riigihanked@fin.ee; no programme for SEs: 'a national (government) training programme ... for contracting authorities'. · source 1
83.3
Official SE definition 3.1
D10D20
Criteria and evidence
  • D1 · Where defined: 0 (nowhere (a lapsed draft counts as nowhere))
    'No official definition of the SSE is available in the country' and there is no SE law: 'nowhere'. · source 1
  • D2 · Content (social aim; participatory governance; limits on profit distribution): 0 (none of the three, or no definition)
    No definition counted in D1. · source 1
0.0
Legal recognition of SEs 3.2.1 · level 0 of 3
None (no SE law or bill; SEs use non-profit association, foundation, company and commercial association forms) · sources 1 2
L10L20L30L40L50
Criteria and evidence
  • L1 · Adoption stage: 0 (none, announced, or consultation draft)
  • L2 · Scope: 0 (none)
  • L3 · Implementing rules: 0 (none adopted, or law not in force)
  • L4 · Status or register: 0 (foreseen with no entity recognised, or law not in force)
  • L5 · Bodies foreseen by the law: 0 (foreseen, not set up, or law not in force)
0.0
SE support ecosystem 4.3.6
E167E2100E367E4100E567
Criteria and evidence
  • E1 · National programme: 67 (national SME/start-up programme with an SE strand, or a government-run SE programme funded mainly by donors)
    No public-agency SE programme was verified as operating in 2025; the Community Estonia programme assigns SE development programmes for young people to the Ministry of the Interior, and general support runs through the county development centres and the state-funded Civil Society Foundation: 'national SME/start-up programme with an SE strand'. · source 1
  • E2 · Territorial coverage: 100 (all regions (national network of support centres))
    County Development Centres exist 'in each of Estonia's 15 counties': 'all regions (national network of support centres)'. · source 1
  • E3 · Public funding of support: 67 (mixed national and EU/donor)
    The centres and the Foundation are publicly financed (state budget, with EU structural funds in part; shares not found): 'mixed national and EU/donor'. · source 1 · low confidence
  • E4 · Continuity: 100 (five years or more)
    The county-centre network and the Foundation's support have operated for well over five years; continuity of the SE strand in 2025 was not verified: 'five years or more'. · source 1 · low confidence
  • E5 · Range of services: 67 (two)
    Documented advice covers legal and financing matters (plus business and management): 'two'. · source 1
80.0
EU funds mobilised for SE 5.1.1
F133F20F30F40
Criteria and evidence
  • F1 · Programming: 33 (SE mentioned)
    The cohesion-policy programme 2021-2027 mentions the social economy only in the PO4(a) objective wording ('promoting self-employment and the social economy'), without an SE target group, measure or budget (working draft of 6 Jul 2021); the 2026-2029 Community Estonia programme cites ESF+ only for social innovation (SIKK, LEADER): 'SE mentioned'. · source 1
  • F2 · Calls and instruments: 0 (none)
    No EU-funded call naming social economy or social entrepreneurship, and no documented SE grantees, were found; the programme's ESF/external-funding table for SE is blank: 'none'. · source 1
  • F3 · Channel: 0 (none)
    No EU funding channel targeted at SE was found (ESF+ reaches social innovation via KÜSK's competence centre and LEADER): 'none'. · source 1
  • F4 · Evidence of take-up: 0 (none)
    No count of SE beneficiaries of EU funds found: 'none'. · source 1
8.3
Dedicated national funding 5.2.2
N1100N233N30N467
Criteria and evidence
  • N1 · Dedicated line: 100 (dedicated line for SE broadly)
    The Ministry of the Interior ran a strategic-partner competition 'Sotsiaalse ettevõtluse ja innovatsiooni valdkonnas' and signed a state-budget operating-grant agreement with the Sotsiaalsete Ettevõtete Võrgustik on 19 Jul 2021 (EUR 38,750 for 2021; activities 1 Apr 2021 to 31 Dec 2024); the 2026-2029 programme confirms the partnership 'arendas sotsiaalset ettevõtlust' and has ended: 'dedicated line for SE broadly'. · source 1
  • N2 · Instrument types: 33 (one type)
    Follow-on to N1: the line is an operating grant (tegevustoetus) only: 'one type'. · source 1
  • N3 · Continuity: 0 (none)
    Follow-on to N1: the grant covered 2021-2024 (payments by 31 Jan each year, activities to 31 Dec 2024) and was not continued in 2025, so no consecutive years run to 2025: 'none'. Read literally; four years (2021-2024) would give 67 if continuity need not reach 2025. · source 1
  • N4 · Execution: 67 (disbursement reported (awards announced, beneficiaries named))
    Follow-on to N1: the grant agreement names the beneficiary and the 2021 amount, and annual activity and result reports (2021-2023) were filed; no amount for 2024 or 2025 was seen: 'disbursement reported (awards announced, beneficiaries named)'. · source 1
50.0

Policy composite 42.9 of 100 (mean of the eight indicators).

Cite this profile

Social Entrepreneurship Observatory & SENIC. (2026). Estonia: SEI 2026 country profile (provisional edition, version 0.9.4). Social Entrepreneurship Index. https://seindex.org/countries/estonia/